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Last Updated:

Jan 22, 2009

GDV or Bloat

     Gastric dilatation can occur in any dog, and is more common among large breed, deep-chested dogs that overeat. Dogs are usually able to relieve the built-up pressure in their stomachs by vomiting or by belching. It may be difficult to determine whether a dog is experiencing simple dilatation (bloating), or dilatation and volvulus until an x-ray of the stomach is taken.

     In gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), the stomach twists, closing off the openings leading in from the esophagus and out to the intestines. This prevents the dog from vomiting or belching, essentially trapping the gas inside the stomach. If the stomach twists enough, the spleen and major blood vessels in the area twist as well. When the blood supply in the abdomen's major arteries is cut off, blood flow to the heart and cardiac output decrease, leading to low blood pressure, and eventually, shock. The bacteria in the stomach continue to produce gas and the stomach becomes large enough to see past the ribs. It can become large enough to block blood flow to the back half of the body creating a dangerous situation. In some cases, the stomach ruptures from the buildup of pressure.

Signs:

• Distended or bloated abdomen
• Excess salivation
• Nonproductive retching/dry heaves
• Abdominal pain
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Rapid breathing
• Restlessness / wanting to lay down but then getting right back up
• Weakness

What to do:

     GDV is a medical emergency, and treatment should begin as soon as possible! If you are bringing your dog in with these symptoms, please call ahead if possible so we can prepare. Bloat can occur in any dog, but it's more common in large, deep-chested breeds such as: Akita, Great Dane, Bouvier des Flandres, Irish Setter, Boxer, Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pinscher, St. Bernard, English Sheepdog, Standard Poodle, German Shepherd, Wolfhound, and Golden Retriever.